The article analyzes the environmental pollution and impact assessment in the event of abnormal situations during ground training space-rocket complex “Soyuz-2”.

We consider the quantitative assessment of the environmental risks associated with possible emergencies spacerocket complex “Soyuz-2”, and highlight the basic stages of operation, in which emergencies are most probable.

In recent years, Russia's priorities in environmental policy based on the account of concentration limit and other rules and regulations of environmental impact are reviewed due to their low efficiency. Therefore, the article evaluates the environmental danger from the point of view of the individual risk.

Moreover, the article analyzes the consequences of accidents arising from the preparation of the ground rockets “Soyuz-2”, the upper stage “Fregat” and removal unit “Volga” and possible emergency situations.

The paper deals with the coordinated parameters optimization of maintenance and indicators of reliability of complex technical systems of rocket and space technology, and introduces the algorithms of the calculations for justification of the replacements frequency, the need for intensity levels and failure of the repair work of complicated technical systems of cosmodrome's launch complex, taking into account of scientific and technical progress.

It is shown that the automation and maintenance diagnostic process can significantly improve the availability factor in the preparation and launch of space rocket systems at the launch complex.

The efficiency of a technique is illustrated the specific examples. The results will improve the reliability and safety of the operations with the explosive and flammable environmentally friendly propellant components: liquid oxygen, hydrogen and kerosene, when you start the promising rockets of family “Angara” at the launch complex of the Vostochny Cosmodrome.

The paper studies the effect of additions of binary lanthanide oxides (lantana, ceria, and terbia) on the thermal decomposition of magnesium hydride phase. It is shown that ball-milling of powder mixtures of MgH₂ with 2mol% of the oxides in 10 bar hydrogen atmosphere makes possible the formation of composites where the particles of lanthanide oxides distribute uniformly in the volume of larger particles of magnesium hydride. The additions of the oxides of lanthanum, cerium, and terbium have been found to shift towards lower values the temperatures of the endothermic thermal decomposition of the magnesium hydride phases in the composites, and the addition of ceria having strongest effect.

The paper states the results of calorimetric studies of thermal dissociation of titanium, zirconium, magnesium, and palladium hydrides performed in the recent years, and also demonstrates the multiplet character of thermal dissociation, which is specific to all these hydrides. Moreover, the paper shows good correlation between the course of curves of the differential scanning calorimetry and results of thermogravitation measurements.

In addition, the paper establishes the discrete nature of decomposition processes, and proposes the sequence of mechanisms that occur upon heating of transition metals dihydrides in the medium with low partial pressure of hydrogen: reconstruction in a hydride phase; destruction of metal-hydrogen bonds with the formation of supersaturated by hydrogen solid solution; diffusion of hydrogen to the solid phase-environment interface; hydrogen molization at hydrogen output from the solid phase.

Elistratov V. V.  Renewable energy. SPb.: Polytechnical University Publshing House, 2016. – 424 p.

The results of obtaining zinc oxide films and ZnO/Cu₂O(CuO) heterojunctions are presented. Structural, optical and electrical properties of the samples were studied depending on synthesis conditions. ZnO films were grown by magnetron sputtering. The synthesized films with a thickness of about 0.3 micron had a resistivity of 0.0014 Om·sm, mobility of 4.5 cm₂/(V·s), free electron concentration of 1·10²¹  cm^-3, and a surface resistance of about 45 ohms per square. The optical transmission coefficient of ZnO films in the visible region was about 90%. Heterojunctions n-ZnO/p-Cu₂O(CuO) were obtained by vacuum deposition of copper on ZnO film followed by annealing. The effect of thermal annealing and plasma treatment on the properties of ZnO/Cu₂O(CuO) samples was investigated. The photoresponse of heterojunctions was found to be increased, and leakage current was reduced as a result of short -term treatment in hydrogen plasma.

The article represents a summary of coal ash production and use in the countries world-wide as well as the forecast of its change in view of coal consumption trends up to 2030. It includes information on the status and the definition of coal ash in different countries. It provides an assessment of the impact of terminology on the efficiency of addressing the coal ash problem in Russia. A new legal definition of ash from thermal power plants and boiler-houses, corresponding to the state-of-the-art conditions, global trends and requirements of the coal energy sector is formulated. This definition can both start discussion about the need of new optimal determination of the ash status in the energy sector, and serve as a legal basis for the actual implementation of the best available technologies of the world level to the coal ash handling systems in Russia. It is proposed to extend to coal ash, intended for use as commercial products, the operation of legal and regulatory documents related to mineral mined natural resources and non-metallic materials, in addition to legal, regulatory and technical documents specially developed for coal ash wherever not in conflict with them.

The article provides an overview of the current state and the development prospects of technologies, based on the use of renewable sources that in modern global conditions is one of the ways to improve the energy efficiency and environmental safety. Policies aimed at enhancing energy security contribute to the rapid increase in use of renewable energy sources. Electricity generation from RES amounted more than 22% of the total energy production in the world in 2015, investments in the development of which amounted about 286 billion dollars a year, and innovative development of which ensured the creation of more than 8 million workplaces. A significant increase in the installed capacity is accounted for the wind power, solar energy and hydropower. 

The paper deals with the evaluation methods of energy efficiency of energy objects (power plants) developed in domestic and foreign practice including the analysis of life cycles (LCA). Moreover, it gives the calculation results of energy efficiency of traditional and renewable power objects. The use of the LCA tools for assessment of energy efficiency of renewable power objects is more detail considered. The paper also analyzes the cost determination results of energy at stages of life cycle and values of energy efficiency criteria for wind power stations and solar photovoltaic power stations received on the basis of LCA.