In dry climate regions, the conversion of contaminated water into drinking water using solar distillation technology is one of the most widely used methods. The traditional solar distiller (CSS) is a tank with salty sea or contaminated fresh water placed in an airtight transparent chamber, where water is heated and evaporated due to the solar radiation penetrating inside. By evaporating, the water condenses on the inside of the transparent lid that covers the tank. The purified condensate, draining through the lid enters the prefabricated canal and then enters the catchment pot located at the bottom of the distiller. Despite the simplicity of the design, the performance of such distillers is extremely small.
This study provides experimental results for two types of solar distillers, the traditional solar distillation of CSS and a modified solar distillation system integrated with a rotating cylinder powered by a microdrive powered by a photovoltaic panel- MSS.
Preliminary studies have shown that the less thick the water layer, the faster it heats and evaporates. The new design includes a hollow cylinder rotating in the solar distiller's chamber, which, through capillary forces, captures water from the tank in the form of a film less than 1 mm thick.
The thin film of water evaporates in a matter of seconds. Thus, the area and the rate of evaporation increase radically.
The results of the experimental study showed that even in the Conditions of the Ural Climate Zone, the production of fresh water in a system with a rotating hollow cylinder on a summer day increased from 0.87 liters/m2 to 2.22 l/m2, i.e. by 155% compared to the traditional solar still distiller- CSS. Despite some complication and cost of MSS construction, the cost of producing 1 liter of fresh water for CSS and MSS is 0.059 and 0.054 dollars, respectively.

Solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel as a source of electrical and thermal energy. The simplest way of solar energy use is the conversion of solar radiation into heat. Arranged according to this principle are the solar collectors that convert solar radiation into heat and transfer it to water or some low-boiling coolant to heat water in a heat exchanger. One of the advantages of flat solar collectors is their cheapness, so they are used for domestic and industrial purposes. They transform solar energy with the help of absorbers which envelope coolant containing tubes of a collector and transfer heat to the coolant. Such collector is easy to design and to maintain. This work presents the results of a thermohydraulic calculation of a flat solar collector using CFD to analyze heat transfer processes between a feather-type absorber and water. The simulation was made with in CFD Solidworks Flow Simulation using standard solar radiation modeling tools. The results of the paper are the pictures of the coolant flows inside the collector, the graphs of the temperature distribution, and the incident heat radiant (solar) flux over time. The results of the calculations were approximated and demonstrated a high level of compliance (within 10-12 %) with the characteristics obtained during field experiments. The latter indicates the reliability of the chosen mathematical model of the solar collector and the calculation method.

There is a problem of utilization a large amount of organic waste in the agro-industrial complex. Most of the waste is generated on livestock farms (56%) and crop production (35.6%). Centralized biogas plants are a good solution for efficient processing of agricultural waste and biofuel production. An analysis of the possibilities of cow dung utilizing and dry biomass of amaranth with the subsequent hydrogen production was carried out for Tatarstan Republic. The diagram of five large facilities utilizing waste from 7-10 districts included in the region is proposed. The diagram of steam catalytic conversion of biogas is described. The proposed hydrogen production scheme includes: collection of plant waste and manure of livestock complexes for centralized recycling (the optimal mixture of dry biomass of Amaranthus retroflexus L. leaves and cow manure for organic dry matter is 1:1.5); mixture preparation and ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 22 kHz and an exposure intensity of 10 W/cm²; anaerobic digestion in the mesophilic mode at a temperature of 310 K, the hydraulic retention time is 12 days; the compressor supplying the resulting biogas into the gasholder for intermediate storage; purification of biogas from carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other impurities in the scrubber; steam methane reforming: the biomethane is compressed by a compressor to a pressure of 15 atm., then fed to the reformer, heated, mixed with steam in the ratio H₂O/CH₄=2.5 and subjected to conversion at a temperature of 1073 K and a pressure of 1 atm., before exiting, the resulting gas is cooled to 573 K; the catalytic reactor for carrying out a water vapor conversion reaction in which a mixture of carbon monoxide and steam is converted, the products are hydrogen and carbon dioxide; purification of the obtained hydrogen to a purity of 99.99% vol. in the short-cycle adsorption system; hydrogen supply to the consumer. It is possible to utilize of 4.4 million tons of waste annually, and also to produce 107341 kg / day of hydrogen with a purity of 99.99% by volume.

The paper offers a method for developing a universal system of automated design of an optimal structure of autonomous distributed hybrid energy complexes (ADHEC) and a means of regulation of the energy balance therein, i.e. control of the power flows circulating in the said system. In general, the design of the optimal structure of ADHEC includes the following stages (subtasks): data research and creation of a statistical database of electric loads of consumers, of the wind speed in the region under consideration, of the hydroelectric potential of mountain and lowland rivers, and of the solar energy, as well as research and development of a database of converters of wind and water energy into electrical energy. The paper dwells on the task of designing the optimal structure of the distributed hybrid generation system that will ensure the desired level of power generation at a minimal cost and with necessary functional reliability.

Today, the global thermal power industry has already begun the transition to ultra-supercritical steam parameters, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, and, accordingly, the discharge of harmful substances into the environment. NPPs need to increase their efficiency to maintain competitiveness in the electricity producer market. The following tasks are considered: increasing the installed capacity of operating power units by upgrading equipment, increasing the efficiency of NPPs by improving cycle arrangements and thermodynamic cycles, increasing the nuclear fuel burnup, increasing the installed capacity utilization factors (ICUF). The most common type of reactor in the nuclear power industry is the pressurized water reactor (VVER or PWR). A significant disadvantage of such reactors is the low value of the initial steam parameters (temperature and pressure). This is due to the temperature limitation equal to 350 °C for the cladding of fuel elements made of zirconium alloys. For this reason, the steam temperature in the second loop cannot exceed 315 °C. Thus, with an increase in the unit power of the units, the thermodynamic parameters of NPPs with reactors with pressurized water remain at the same level: the pressure of the primary circuit is ≈16 MPa, the temperature of the coolant at the outlet from the reactor is 320-330 °C; pressure and temperature of steam in the second loop, respectively, 6.3-7.2 MPa and 279-285 °C. The efficiency of modern NPPs with pressurized water reactors is at the level of 35%, which is lower than the efficiency of modern TPPs (45%), and significantly lower than the efficiency of steam-gas power plants (60%). One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency of NPPs with both light water and with a heavy water reactor is the improvement of the thermodynamic cycle. The paper presents the results of computer simulation of options for cycle arrangements of NPPs with a VVER-1200 reactor at reduced initial parameters using fossil-fired steam superheating, as well as steam compression to obtain ultra-supercritical steam parameters, and an assessment of the efficiency of using these cycle arrangements.

The tasks of ensuring the safety of the population and the environment during the operation of nuclear facilities are formulated. The necessity of the final isolation of conditioned radioactive waste generated as a result of production activities of enterprises and decommissioning of nuclear facilities is substantiated. Modern technologies for the safe management of liquid radioactive waste are considered. The experience of operation of liquid radioactive waste processing facilities at nuclear power plants is summarized.
The capabilities of ion-selective sorption for the reduction of final radioactive product volume and its advantages in comparison with other methods of radioactive waste treatment are given.
A description is given of a complex for liquid radioactive waste reprocessing which is being built at the Beloyarsk NPP in order to increase the reliability of operation and environmental protection. The methods chosen for the implementation of the liquid radioactive waste reprocessing program are listed as well as the processing lines forming the facility.
The description is presented of a block-module facility of ion-selective treatment designed for the reprocessing of the residuum from the tanks of the liquid radioactive waste storages. Described is the block-module facility for the conditioning of the ion-exchange resins which were utilized for the purification of the residuum and discharged water from cobalt and cesium radionuclides and corrosion products of other transition metals, in order to gain the concentrated non-radioactive saline product and to pack it in the primary containers.
A cementation facility is described which is designed for reprocessing of the sludge of radioactive waste from the tanks and vessels of the storages and the sludge of the ion-selective treatment facility by inclusion of radioactive waste into the cement blocks.
The measures to prevent emissions into the environment during the operation of the liquid radioactive waste reprocessing complex are described. The data are presented on the systems of static and dynamic barriers preventing the ingress of radionuclides into the environment during the operation of the liquid radioactive waste reprocessing complex. The technical and managerial means are presented intended to protect the barriers and to preserve its efficiency in accordance with the general regulations of nuclear power plants safety ensuring.

In countries with developed nuclear energy, there are problems associated with non-uniformity of the daily load, due to the economically justified need to load nuclear power plants with a maximum installed capacity utilization factor. This is due to the cheapness of nuclear fuel compared to organic and, at the same time, high investment compared to thermal power plants, as well as the presence of technological limitations on maneuverability. Most organic fuel thermal power plants are switched to semi-peak mode, which negatively affects their efficiency and reliability.
In addition, the ever-increasing requires on the level of safety negatively affect the economic competitiveness of nuclear power plants. Improving safety through the introduction of passive heat removal systems of the reactor core is provided for in new NPP projects. These systems have several disadvantages: maintenance costs; a significant increase in capital investment; emergency cooling mode.
To solve these problems, the authors developed a system of hydrogen-thermal accumulation, which, when combined with a nuclear power plant, allows one to accumulate cheap energy during the hours of a decrease in load in the power system due to electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and thermal accumulation of hot water in heat-insulating tanks. Thanks to the use of hot water tanks, investment in the accumulation system is significantly reduced. Thanks to the use of a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator, the opportunity to generate an additional main steam and to use it in a additional steam turbine appears, which will allow to avoid costly modernization of the main equipment of the nuclear power plant and reducing its resource. The presence of a low-power steam turbine unit as part of the accumulation system ensure uninterrupted autonomous power supply to consumers of the NPP own needs due to the possibility of using the energy of the reactor residual heat, when the station is completely deenergized. The method of combining the hydrogen complex with thermal accumulators is completely new and has no analogues.
The economic efficiency of the developed energy complex has been investigated. The accumulated net present value was determined depending on the off-peak electricity tariff for the three options of the half-peak electricity tariff, taking into account possibility to refuse expensive heat exchangers of the passive heat removal systems. It is shown that the use of the proposed scheme is advisable in regions with off-peak electricity tariffs in the range 0-0.32 cents/kW*h, 0-0.8 cents/kW*h and 0-1.25 cents/kW*h, respectively, depending on the forecast dynamics of the halfpeak electricity tariff. The average payback period of the accumulation system for given conditions is equal to 3-12 years.

The article proposes a methodological approach to the development of the tools for studying the international electro-hydrogen system creation in Northeast Asia. The term "hydrogen carrier" was introduced and its definition was given. The resource, economic and technological prerequisites for the development of the unified regional infrastructure to produce, transfer, transform and utilise both electricity and "hydrogen carriers" for consumers of energy services are considered.
The author points out the need for a comprehensive consideration of technological, economic, social and political factors when developing such a complex technical system, which affects the diverse actors’ interests. In order to create mutual understanding and balance the stakeholders’ interests, the tool to evaluate the efficiency of such a system is necessary. The use of mathematical models is becoming one of the most vital and widespread techniques employed for this purposes. Thereby, the article deals with the structure and the development stages of the regional electrohydrogen model for Northeast Asia.
The review of the models that address the issues of hydrogen technologies and renewable energy integration into energy supply systems is given. The main types of the models used to describe such technical and economic systems are identified and it is concluded that the development of the two-level models system is necessary. The production and transport models at the upper (international) level should be the core of the proposed models system. At the lower level (the "green hydrogen carriers" production), the models of optimal resource management are required to determine the composition and parameters of the technological equipment. Step-by-step development of the models system is proposed. The first stage is the simplest scenario where only solar and wind energy is considered as an energy source. At this stage, it is possible to weed out inefficient technologies and identify targeted technologies and mechanisms for multilateral regional cooperation. The second stage should balance the interests of the actors and stakeholders. Here, the traditional renewable energy (biomass, hydro and pumped storage) along with carbon (thermal) and nuclear power generation, as well as other ("carbon") hydrogen technologies will become available for consideration. The final, third stage of the research tools development, will require separate accounting of "green" and "carbon" energy to consider certification mechanisms and energy pricing when building the international hydrogen system in Northeast Asia.
In conclusion, the structure of the first stage production and transport model is described. This model will allow estimating the comparative effectiveness of different electric and hydrogen technologies to deliver green energy to the consumers in the Northeast Asian economies.

In recent years, public attention has been increasingly attracted to solving two inextricably linked problems - preventing the depletion of natural resources and protecting the environment from anthropogenic pollution. The annual consumption of livestock waste for production is about 240 thousand m³ per year, which is 0.17% of the total manure produced at Russian agricultural enterprises. At present, the actual use of organic waste potentially suitable for biogas production is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the existing potential for organic waste. Currently, hydrogen energy is gaining immense popularity in the world due to the problem of depletion of non-renewable energy sources - hydrocarbons, and environmental pollution caused by their increasing consumption. Of particular interest is the dark process of producing hydrogen-containing biogas in the processing of organic waste under anaerobic conditions, which allows you to take advantage of both energy production and solving the problem of organic waste disposal. An energy analysis of a two-stage anaerobic liquid organic waste processing system with the production of hydrogen- and methane-containing biogas based on experimental data obtained in a laboratory facility with increased volume reactors was performed. The energy efficiency of the system is in the range of 1.91-2.74. Maximum energy efficiency was observed with a hydraulic retention time of 2.5 days in a dark fermentation reactor. The cost of electricity to produce 1 m³ of hydrogen was 1.093 kW·h with a hydraulic retention time of 2.5 days in the dark fermentation reactor. When the hydraulic retention time in the dark fermentation reactor was 1 day, the specific (related to the processing rate of organic waste) energy costs to produce of 1 m³ of hydrogen were minimal in the considered hrt range, and amounted to 26 (W/m³ of hydrogen)/(m³ of waste/day). Thus, the system of two-stage anaerobic processing of liquid organic waste to produce hydrogen and methane-containing biogas is an energy-efficient way to both produce hydrogen and process organic waste.

The work investigated the characteristics of the dark fermentation (DF) process of a number of simple (starch, sunflower oil, peptone and their mixture) and complex (dog food, pig feed, sewage sludge (SS)) substrates using a mixed culture, pH control (5.5), at 55°C. Peptone and sunflower oil were characterized by the lowest production of H₂, namely 5.0 and 2.3 ml H₂/g COD, respectively. The specific hydrogen yield per decomposed starch was 1.55 mol H₂/mol. The addition of peptone and sunflower oil to starch reduced the specific yield of hydrogen from starch by 23%. A large difference in hydrogen production was observed during DF of complex substrates. The specific hydrogen yield from dog food was 46.5 ml H₂/g COD or 143.4 ml H₂/g carbohydrates, from pig feed – 32.1 ml H₂/g COD or 91.6 ml H₂/g carbohydrates, and from SS – 9.3 ml H₂/g COD or 98.0 ml H₂/g carbohydrates. Possible relationships between the biopolymeric composition of substrates and characteristics of the DF process were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The concentration of carbohydrates, as well as the ratio of carbohydrates/proteins and carbohydrates/fats, were the main factors influencing the high specific yield of H₂, it's content in biogas, as well as the ratio of H₂/soluble metabolites. The concentration of proteins had a statistically significant positive effect on the accumulation of acetate and succinate, and carbohydrates - on the accumulation of caproate.

It is shown in the work that the Ti0.70Mo0.30C alloy can be obtained by the high-temperature synthesis method, which is not inferior to tungsten containing alloys in its mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties. The crystal structure of this alloy has been studied by neutron diffraction. The crystal structure of this alloy is face-centered cubic and is described within the space group Fm3m, in which titanium and molybdenum atoms are substituted and statistically occupy 4 b positions, while carbon atoms statistically occupy octahedral 4 a positions.
The averaged total root-mean-square displacement of atoms in the Ti0.70Mo0.30C alloy was determined from neutron diffraction data by least squares and full-profile analysis of diffraction patterns. It is shown that, in titanium carbide TiC, the replacement of a part of metal atoms (Ti) or nonmetal atoms (C) of one sort with another, which differs from the external valence electron configuration, leads to the appearance of large static distortions in the sublattices of the Ti0.70Mo0.30C ternary alloys. TiC0.30N0.70 and TiC0.30N0.70 compared to TiC alloy. Thus, it has been shown that the replacement of a part of titanium atoms Ti with Mo atoms in titanium carbide TiC due to their different external valence electron configurations leads to the appearance of static distortions in the lattices of the Ti0.70Mo0.30C ternary alloys.
It is shown that the microhardness of the Ti0.70Mo0.30C alloy is 19% higher than the microhardness of the two-component titanium carbide alloy TiC. This can be explained by the fact that the arising static distortions in the sublattices of the three-component Ti0.70Mo0.30C alloys lead to an increase in its microhardness compared to the two-component titanium carbide TiC alloy. The appearance of large static distortions, apparently, leads to deceleration of dislocation motions in the three-component alloy. Consequently, replacing a part of Ti atoms with Mo, as well as apart of C atoms for N in the lattice of titanium carbide TiC, can be a way of changing the dynamic characteristics of its crystal lattice. The results can be used in the field of structural materials science.

Thin metal oxide layers of ZnO were obtained on a substrate of single - crystal silicon of p-type conductivity with a crystallographic orientation (100), by spray pyrolysis, and the optimal technological modes of the sol-gel method for obtaining metal oxide films with the most perfect crystal structure were determined. The results of X-ray studies showed that the obtained ZnO films on silicon have a hexagonal syngony and a wurtzite structure with parameters a = 0.3265 nm and c = 0.5212 nm, with block sizes of 67 nm. It is shown that ZnO nanocrystals are formed on the surface of the films, with an average characteristic size of L_ZnO ≈ 84 nm and having diffraction indices – (102)_ZnO with d/n = 0.1911 nm at (2□= 147,63°), (110)_ZnO with d/n = 0.1630 nm at (2□= 56.67°) and (103)_ZnO with d/n = 0.1481 nm at (2□= 62.93°), respectively. It is found that the photoluminescence spectrum of the n - ZnO/p - Si heterostructure has a wide band covering almost the entire visible radiation range with a maximum at λ_max = 377 nm. This indicates that these conditions are optimal for growing a high-quality ZnO layer on Si with virtually no defects in the visible radiation region. This indicates that these conditions are optimal for growing a high-quality ZnO layer on Si with virtually no defects in the visible radiation region. The operational parameters of a device based on such metal oxides are promising for high-performance and low-cost commercial applications in light radiation detectors in the ultraviolet region. It is determined that n - ZnO metal oxide layers and heterostructures based on them can also be used in devices for converting mechanical deformation energy into electrical energy, electrical energy into light energy, and in solar energy converters into electrical energy. These materials are environmentally friendly, affordable and low-cost. It is established that the synthesis of new metal oxide materials and the development of various energy converters based on them are of high scientific and practical importance.

Due to the natural uniqueness and special status of doing economic activity in the central ecological area of the Baikal natural territory, the assessment of the impact to the environment becomes important. Currently, there are no effective mechanisms aimed at stimulating the reduction of the anthropogenic load on the environment from existing energy sources, including the use of alternative technologies.
Among energy objects, the main sources of pollution in the central ecological area are numerous boiler houses using coal as fuel, and diesel power plants in hard-to-reach places.
To reduce the anthropogenic impact from energy objects, the use of renewable energy sources, the replacement of coal with environmentally friendly fuels, the use of electricity for heat supply, and the installation of environmental protection equipment are considered.
The ecological and economic efficiency of electric and heat energy production technologies was estimated by using specific indicators of capital intensity of reduction of 1 ton of emissions and environmental capital return by 1 million rubles for the conditions of the central ecological area.
The potential for reducing emissions into the atmosphere by use of renewable energy sources in autonomous energy supply areas is less than 1% of the current level of total emissions from energy objects. The potential for reducing emissions by replacing boiler houses with a capacity of less than 0.2 Gcal/h by heat pump units is no more than 12%.
The greatest environmental effect can be achieved by using alternative energy sources instead of coal: natural gas, wood fuel, electricity. The potential for reducing emissions is 60% of the current level. But the implementation of these measures required substantial financial support in the form of special mechanisms for compensation of costs to producers and/or consumers of energy.

The article presents technical and ecological approaches to the development of nature-like technologies for wastewater treatment in the conditions of transition to a post-industrial technological structure. The objective reason for the transition to a new technological order is the beginning of the civilizational crisis caused by the expanded reproduction of marketable products in industrial technological systems and the value system of the "consumer society" (consumer society), based on the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources and the violation of the life-supporting functions of the bio/ecosphere. Based on the environmental aspects of the coming civilizational crisis (pollution of the human environment, the exhaustion of traditional hydrocarbon energy sources, the dispersion of chemical elements necessary for reproduction, etc.), the core of the new technological order can be: the formation of a naturelike technosphere based on constant monitoring of the stability of the biosphere; alternative and renewable energy; the formation of man-made useful reserves from various types of waste, by analogy with natural, etc. The key factor of the post-industrial technological order can be nature-like technologies and processes-innovative developments based on the fundamental laws of nature, complex convergence and logistics approaches, providing, first of all, the possibility of regulating and preserving the material and energy planetary (natural and man-made) cycle. In the transition period, it is advisable to modernize the existing technologies of the industrial technological order by introducing additional technical and environmental stages based on a nature-like approach.
The possibility of a nature-like refinement of the wastewater treatment process by ozonation, based on ensuring safe concentrations of ozone in the surface layers of the atmosphere, is shown. The probabilities of exceeding the preindustrial ozone level, MPCss, and biohazard ozone concentration (70 µg/m3) calculated on the basis of experimental data are presented, indicating dangerous concentrations of O3 (the first group of toxicity) in the tropospheric air, excluding any technological emissions into the atmosphere. A modernized block diagram of a pilot plant with ozone and oxygen recovery is proposed to preserve the existing planetary (natural and man-made) O3 cycle as the basis for the ecological sustainability of the bio-ecosphere.

The article discusses the issue of forming and updating the information environment for the effective implementation of the best available environmental technologies in the energy sector of Russia. It provides the brief information about the Center for Science and Education “Ecology in Power Engineering” (hereinafter the Centre) – a department of the National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”. Since 1997, the Centre has been realizing a large number of programs for improving professional skills and professional retraining, including the ones in the field of environmental technologies and ecology in power engineering. The main performance indicators of the Centre activity for 23 years are presented. Various elements of the information environment used in the advanced training and professional retraining programs by trainees studying at the Centre under the areas “Heat Power Engineering and Thermal Engineering” and “Electric Power Engineering and Electric Engineering” are considered. These elements include: creation, maintenance and updating of Internet resources of the open access, development of text-books, teaching aids and guides on the best available environmental technologies, organization and holding of international and national conferences and seminars in the field of ecology in power engineering and environmental technologies. Brief information about the Information System "The Best Available and Perspective Nature Protection Technologies in the Russian Power Industry" (http://osi.ecopower.ru) is presented, containing information on all aspects of environmental protection activities in the energy sector in Russian and English, including the sections: general issues, air and water protection, ash handling, complex technologies, physical impact, advanced and energy saving technologies, renewable energy. Information is also given on other Internet resources that are successfully used by trainees of professional retraining programs when mastering the disciplines "Fundamentals of ecology and environmental protection in the energy sector" and "Environmental technologies at TPPs". The state of the personnel training system for energy enterprises in the Russian Federation is given. A list of universities which train specialists in the main energy specialties is presented. The paper contains proposals to improve the training system for personnel of energy enterprises and industries in the field of environmental technologies at TPPs.

While solving the renewable energy tasks, problems with the calculation of some statistical changes, important for the development of their structure and practical application may arise. The following factors are stochastic:
- Energy reception (solar, wind, water resources, etc.)
- Energy consumption (domestic, municipal and industrial areas)
- Changes in ambient temperature.
These factors have a wide range of time changes, periodic and random components.
It is obvious that these groups of causes are correlated, the growth of the solar energy reception leads to the increase in temperature and illumination, which in turn reduces the need for heat and electricity consumption.
In order to fulfill the detailed analysis of the connection between climatic factors, their influence on the efficiency of the existing renewable energy equipment in the UrFU, a high-speed multi-channel monitoring system for climate and energy characteristic has been developed and put into operation. The system includes a distributed network of local devices connected to the central server that collects, accumulates and processes data of more than 100 measured parameters gathered every second.
Based on the long series of observations, the system allowed an assessment of renewable energy productivity in the conditions of variable ambient temperatures, typical for the region with extreme continental climate.
Article is devoted to the development and experience of the use of a digital system to assess the performance characteristics of renewable energy plants. Extensive research capabilities are shown with a fast-acting system of digital monitoring, allowing to receive information with a frequency of 1 sec. The article describes the main types of renewable energy plants used in the training process, the concept and experience of the digital system for assessing the performance of renewable energy installations, and the results of studies of solar power plants in a climate of sharp-continental climate.
The use of the system allowed, on the basis of an analysis of a long-term number of observations, to assess the performance of renewable energy plants for the conditions of variable ambient temperatures characteristic of the Urals. The results show the promise of using digital technologies in the study of processes and verification of theoretical models; allow to set goals on further improvement of the models of calculation and improvement of the design of renewable energy plants.

The article considers the possibility of applying the concept of a "transition link" from hydrocarbon to" green " energy. The entire world industry uses hydrocarbons as fuel. The share of "green" energy is growing, but it cannot completely replace oil, gas and coal at this stage. In many production processes, due to technology, a significant amount of heat is lost. Thus, the anthropogenic impact is doubled both due to fuel combustion and due to heat losses into the environment. Traditional methods of reducing harmful emissions, as a rule, are focused only on a specific type of treatment and are capital treatment facilities. The authors' approach to the problem differs from the generally accepted one. The developed method makes it possible to obtain an additional product due to waste heat, while reducing emissions of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. The authors have chosen TPP and TPP as the object of research. Their role as a source of heat, light and hot water supply can hardly be overestimated. But thermal power plants and thermal power plants are also sources of greenhouse gases generated during fuel combustion, sources of heat loss with exhaust gases and thermal pollution of water bodies with cooling liquid. Thermal pollution of water bodies leads to their overgrowth with algae, and as a result, deterioration of water quality. The method presented by the authors is based on the integrated use of waste heat generated in large volumes in algae cooling ponds and the production of bioethanol. Studies were carried out on a mass spectrometer of the chemical composition of algae formed in various media (sea, tap and purified water). During the experiments, legumes were grown on purified water, tap water, and distilled water,. According to the calculations, the cost of 1 liter of the resulting bioethanol will be about 28 rubles/l, which is 3 times cheaper than what is currently produced. It is concluded that the polluted water of a thermal power plant or thermal power plant has a negligible effect on the bioethanol yield. A 17.8-fold decrease in sodium was shown due to the use of biofilters. During the experiments, legumes were grown on purified water, tap water, and distilled water.
The conclusion is made about the significant adsorption capacity of Zn, Mg, Fe, Al, Si, and Pb ions. The resulting water after passing through the algae was tested according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, and fully met the standard, which allows it to be used for technological and technical purposes and, moreover, without consequences, to drain into the environment.