The article presents the modeling and manufacturing of solar modules of photovoltaic, thermal and photovoltaic thermal designs intended to energy supply of the biogas plant intended for the production of biohydrogen and biomethane. The modeling of the photovoltaic module was carried out and the calculated temperature of the photovoltaic converters was determined, and also the photovoltaic module was manufactured using the process of sealing the photovoltaic converters with a two-component polysiloxane compound. Modeling of a solar thermal collector with water radiators in the form of a round copper tube, an oval copper tube, as well as a rectangular water cooling channel («water jacket») was also carried out, in which the pressure loss and the amount of water heating were assessed. The distances between the rectangular channels of the water-cooling radiator for uniform heat removal were determined, and the thermal state of a solar thermal collector with a semicircular cross-section of the water-cooling radiator channel was simulated, after which the solar thermal collector was manufactured. The total displacements of the components of the photovoltaic thermal module were simulated, the values of which did not exceed acceptable limits, after which the photovoltaic thermal module was manufactured using the process of sealing photovoltaic converters with a two-component polysiloxane compound.

The main aim of our experiment is to analyze the electrical parameters of PVT (photothermal) and PV (photoelectric) panels with a power of 60 W. It also consists of studying the influence of the heat collector (HC) on the main electrical parameters. The results obtained in our article were measured in a stationary state. The tilt angle of both panels is θ = 30°, taking into account that when the sun is at the zenith point, solar radiation falls vertically to the panel. Electrical parameters were measured every half hour. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the power produced by the PVT panel in the operation mode of the heat collector is maximum 5,2 % higher than the power of the PV panel. It was found that the effect of the heat collector increases the value of the open circuit voltage, but has almost no effect on the short circuit current. To add this that heat losses of the power can be kept to a minimum level under the influence of the heat collector on high temperature days.

The paper presents the cogging torque minimization method based on numerical calculation. The considered method assumes that the amplitude of the permeance harmonic is a periodic function of the slot opening, and it will be equal to zero if the opening value is a multiple of or equal to the period of the permeance harmonic. The numerical methods are applied for accuracy enchantment under magnetic field calculation. The air gap permeance function is calculated considering the actual pattern of field distribution in the area of the gap and slot opening, the edge effects, and steel saturation. The two-dimensional finite element model corresponding to the cross-section of a cylindrical machine and the Maxwell stress tensor method is used for cogging torque calculation. The paper provides a quantitative comparison of the relative slot opening values under analytical and finite element method calculation. The developed permanent magnet machine prototype is presented. The harmonic composition of cogging torque is obtained for machine prototype, and the fundamental harmonic is determined. Thus, the fundamental harmonic of the cogging torque can be eliminated by means of optimal slot opening width. The experimental and analytical results confirmed the cogging torque could be reduced by 2-8 times.

Hydrogen bioenergy represents a promising direction in the field of sustainable development, with the potential to become a key component of the future energy system. This article provides an overview of contemporary strategies for the development of hydrogen bioenergy, examining their impact on achieving sustainable development goals. By analyzing recent scientific research, potential advantages and challenges associated with the development of this industry were considered, and possible pathways for optimizing strategies for the development of hydrogen bioenergy were identified. The aim of the study was to present a comprehensive review of current trends and prospects in this area, contributing to the development of effective solutions for achieving sustainable development.

This article considers the use of a short-circuit rotor asynchronous motor in mini and micro HPP switching to generator mode in the case where the capacitor elements are connected to the stator coil in order to provide reactive power. The main purpose of using an asynchronous motor in generator mode is as follows:

• Low cost of asynchronous motor;

• Ease of operation work;

• Permanent immutable vine source consumption not to do; • Ease of holding the frequency in one norm;

• Length of working life.

To operate an asynchronous motor in generator mode, it is required to provide mechanical energy to the shaft of the motor at a speed greater than the nominal rotation of its motor (5 %), while it is necessary to use it by connecting the capacitor elements of the required capacity to the stator coil for reactive power consumption of the motor. It is important to select correctly the capacitance of the capacitor elements, incorrectly selected capacitor elements can negatively affect the quality indicators of the electricity being produced. At the time when current demand for electricity is increasing constantly, the production of quality and affordable electricity using renewable energy sources wisely due to the dwindling natural energy resources is one of the pressing issues therefore, this article considers measures for using an asynchronous motor in generator mode, gives the necessary data and conclusions. The use of an asynchronous generator in relation to a synchronous generator in mini and micro HPP leads us to reduce the cost of electricity therefore, the research work carried out is relevant [1-3].

The article contains a rationale for the importance and necessity of forecasting the natural inflow HPP, as well as a statement of the basic principles that complicate the management of HPP modes without forecasting models. Special attention is paid to the description of the forecasting methods used, assessment of their accuracy, advantages and disadvantages. The creation of a model and testing of algorithms for predicting natural inflow HPP was implemented using machine learning methods in Python and scikit-learn library. The Novosibirsk HPP was chosen as the object of the study. During the collection and analysis of data, a sample was created from meteorological information for 3287 days with values of air temperature, pressure, precipitation, humidity and natural inflow HPP. Forecasting of inflow HPP is implemented using linear regression, second-degree polynomial regression, nearest neighbors, decision trees and random decision forest models.

The obtained results of assessing the accuracy criteria MAPE, RMSE, R2 and MSE for each of the considered models for forecasting natural inflow HPP showed that a model based on a random forest of decision trees achieved the implementation of the most accurate medium-term forecast of inflow HPP.

This paper deals with the possibility of improving the energy efficiency of a trackless vehicle by using modern control techniques to control the remaining battery charge. For this purpose, it is proposed to use a control system based on a fuzzy logic algorithm. The traction system of this vehicle is based on the use of brushless DC motors and lithium batteries, and also includes an electronic differential system. To test the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, simulation modeling was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. During the simulation, the results of the operation of a classical vehicle linear speed stabilization system based on a PID controller and a system using fuzzy logic algorithms were compared. To test the performance of the developed control algorithm, an experimental stand was created on which tests were carried out. The simulation results were compared with the physical test results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.

As part of solving the problem of creating an autonomous source of alternating current electrical energy based on hydrogen fuel cells, the possibilities of preliminary correction of voltage and current shapes of static inverters through the use of power multi-winding transformers are being explored. The value of such correction is further determined by the significant simplification of the selection of elements of filtering devices and pulse-width modulation algorithms necessary to achieve the required parameters of the quality of electrical energy and equalize the current load on stacks of hydrogen fuel cells used as the primary source of DC electrical energy. The advantage of multi-level inverters based on power multi-winding transformers with branched magnetic circuits and the feasibility of combining three singlephase inverters into one three-phase inverter based on three-rod transformers with amplitude modulation of magnetic fluxes and connection of secondary windings in a triangle are shown. An optimization problem of minimizing voltage harmonic coefficients has been formulated and solved, and a circuit solution for a multi-level power frequency inverter has been proposed to create a three-phase power source, which implements preliminary equalization of the current load to preserve the design service life of hydrogen fuel cells.

This article reviews advances in hydrogen fuel engine design; the main characteristics of the hybrid engine are studied; prospects for further research are outlined; development and improvement of engine designs, research of processes in engines running on natural gas and hydrogen. Transport is one of the key elements of modern civilization. Its condition and development prospects largely depend on the ability to supply transport power plants with fuel. The depletion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel reserves and problems of environmental pollution may present humanity with a choice – either to reduce transport transportation or to find new ways to supply energy to transport. OBJECTIVE: To review the electrochemical technologies used for the production of hydrogen at gas stations and the operation of hybrid electric vehicle engines using fuel cell batteries. Conduct a comparative analysis of the production and use of energy by electrochemical and traditional methods in vehicles. METHODS are based on analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. For a passenger electric vehicle, the amount of electricity that can be obtained in a fuel cell by processing 1 kg of hydrogen was calculated. It has been shown that the specific fuel consumption for a hydrogen electric vehicle averages 1 kg of hydrogen per 100 km. Hydrogen has the potential to be the sustainable fuel of the future, reducing global dependence on fossil fuel resources and reducing carbon emissions from the transportation industry.

The paper was the first to analyze the possibility of using small fuel cells to power automation devices, analyze their disadvantages and advantages, and their demand in modern electric power industry, taking into account the processes characteristic of low-voltage control circuits. The possibilities of using an economical current source as a current source for emergency power supply of automated control system devices are considered, which can create an effective commercial basis for the implementation of this solution in an industrial production area in conditions of possible power outages (Far North, Far East, conditions of remoteness of the central power supply), An analysis of the areas of application of fuel cells was carried out. The technical characteristics of elements for powering automation devices have been determined, and chemical and electrical calculations of the fuel cell under study have been carried out.

The article is devoted to the development of simulation model in the MATLAB Simulink software environment of an electric vehicle hybrid traction drive based on fuel cells and lithium battery. The applied topologies of battery and hybrid traction drives are considered. A traction drive model has been synthesized, in which the main energy source is a fuel cell (FC) with a proton exchange membrane (PEM), and the unevenness of the transport load is smoothed out by a high-power buffer storage unit (BSU) based on a lithium titanate (LTO) battery. The dependence of the required BSU capacity on the power of the primary source, reduced to a ton of vehicle weight, was obtained. Based on this, the optimal range of hybrid power plant parameters was determined (FC power from 5 to 11 kW/t, LTO battery capacity from 6 to 10 Ah/t) when driving according to the WLTC load cycle. The estimated fuel consumption in this case was 0,56 kg/(100km·t), and the on-time of the fuel cell was 94,53 %.

Current trends in industries related to autonomous, mobile objects, such as aircraft manufacturing, are aimed at increasing the share of electrification or completely replacing all units in favor of electric ones. Replacing components and assemblies with fully electric ones corresponds to the concept of a fully electric aircraft, which is based on new power sources and sources of electric propulsion, such as lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen batteries, and sources based on renewable energy. At the same time, the requirements for energy efficiency and weight and size parameters of components and assemblies are increasing. These needs can be met through the multi-purpose use of equipment, as well as through new systems that combine a number of functions. The article discusses the use of an aircraft three-stage synchronous generator as a starting device for a gas turbine engine. The problems associated with the use of a three-stage generator are analyzed and a method for solving them is proposed. The article presents a method for creating a starting torque using the reactive component of the electromagnetic torque for a synchronous salient pole generator. The analysis was carried out from the point of view of the formation of electromagnetic torque in an aircraft generator using a voltage inverter. A generalized expression for the torque is obtained, regulated and controlled by the electrical parameters of the frequency converter.

The article presents the starter-generator system of an aircraft based on the cycloconverter with natural commutation. A feature of the system is the use of the cycloconverter with natural commutation as the main converter of electrical energy as part of the starter-generator system. At the same time, the cycloconverter allows the starter-generator system to operate both in the mode of generating electric energy and in the mode of electric starter start of an auxiliary power plant or main engine with the help of a synchronous generator. An algorithm for analyzing electromagnetic processes in the cycloconverter with natural commutation as part of a starter-generator system is proposed and considered in detail as an example for a single-phase converter output. The switching functions of the converter valves are determined by the spectral calculation method, an expression for the load current is found and its spectral composition is determined. The article presents the result of computer modeling of the system under study, which allows us to confirm the validity of the proposed method of analyzing the electromagnetic processes of the system.