The work is devoted to experimental studies of a new type of building products: load-bearing panels with integrated photovoltaic cells. Technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation for the invention. Photovoltaic cells are placed on the inner surfaces of the cells that make up the power circuit of the supporting structure of the panel.
The purpose of the experiment is to identify qualitative and quantitative differences between new panels relative to panels with controlled and fixed relative to the sun position of photovoltaic cells. The developed technique involves varying the position of the photovoltaic cell to simulate operation under the conditions being compared.
An assessment of the energy contribution of a photovoltaic cell is performed, as which the short-circuit current is taken into account during comparative tests. When processing the obtained data, a high degree of suitability was shown by factor analysis: KMO = 0,81, p <0.001. Two factors were identified: diffuse illumination (0,62 dispersion); azimuth factor (0,17 dispersion). Studies of operation in conditions of partial and full shading have been carried out, comparative quantitative estimates of the energy contribution of the new panel relative to solar-flow-oriented structures have been given.
The energy contribution of the cell according to the criterion of equivalent area in comparison with a controlled solar cell is 0,9-2,5, depending on the azimuth. With respect to fixed panels 2-4 times.

 This article presents a technological scheme for the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the production of biohydrogen using microalgae. Given the escalating issues associated with greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of natural resources, there arises a necessity for the development of efficient and sustainable methods for environmentally friendly energy production. Microalgae, possessing the capability to sequester carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, emerge as an innovative solution within the realm of circular economy. The proposed technological scheme exhibits
significant potential in addressing pressing environmental concerns,  facilitating the transition towards a closed-loop sustainable economy. 

The strategy for the development of nuclear energy in Russia involves the construction and commissioning of a number of new nuclear power plants, which leads to an increase in the share of nuclear power plants in the country’s energy systems. Based on the information provided in the energy development strategy of Russia for the period up to 2035, it is planned to involve nuclear power plants with generation 3+ reactors in regulating the irregularity of daily electrical load schedules. In these circumstances, the unloading of nuclear power plants is inevitable, which is ineffective for a number of reasons. The combination of a nuclear power plant with a hydrogen complex makes it possible to achieve the goals set by the government of the Russian Federation, based on the need to introduce a thirdparty energy complex that adapts the nuclear power plant to a variable mode of operation, without changing the heat load on the reactor and steam generators. There is a well-known option of combining a nuclear power plant with a hydrogen complex using reciprocating compressor units, but the introduction of this type of equipment has a negative impact on the probability of trouble-free operation of the hydrogen complex as a whole due to the high failure rate. The new concept of combining a nuclear power plant with a hydrogen complex implies the elimination of gas compressors by organizing overpressure storage in the tank system due to the electrolysis of high-pressure water. In this case, the compressors are replaced with pressure reducing units that meet a higher level of reliability. The main results of the work are a probabilistic assessment of reliability and an analytical comparison of capital investments in the reserve of the hydrogen complex, which makes it possible to reflect the impact of changes in the number of reserves in terms of the probability of uptime and the economic side of the study. As the estimates have shown, the hydrogen complex based on the use of high-pressure water electrolysis has a higher level of reliability, as well as, in the considered pressure range, lower capital costs in reserve.

Strategy for energy development of Russia for the period up to 2035 provides for the participation of nuclear power plants with generation 3+ power units in regulating the daily unevenness of the electrical load, which forces the nuclear power plant to operate in an ineffective unloading mode. In order to solve this problem, the combination of a nuclear power plant with a hydrogen energy complex is being considered, when during the hours of expected unloading of the nuclear power plant due to the electrolysis of water, unclaimed power is converted into hydrogen and oxygen, and during peak load hours, hydrogen is burned in an oxygen environment in order to heat/overheat the working fluid in the steam turbine cycle and peak power generation. At the same time, the safety issues of using hydrogen when burned in oxygen are of great importance, which is, first of all, due to the inevitable presence of a certain amount of chemical underburning, which creates the risk of the formation of an explosive hydrogen-oxygen mixture along the working fluid path in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. Based on the existing experience of the authors, a method for assessing the underburning of hydrogen and an indicator of the efficiency of recirculation in the proposed scheme using the recirculation of unreacted hydrogen have been developed; a theoretical assessment of the underburning of hydrogen has been previously performed. In addition, a small-scale experimental installation has been developed that allows simulating the conditions of combustion of hydrogen in oxygen with recirculation of unreacted hydrogen under the conditions of the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. This work represents a new approach to solving the problem of the safe use of hydrogen. The developed method makes it possible to determine specific concentrations of unreacted hydrogen depending on the flow rate and pressure in the flame tube. Based on the proposed indicator of recirculation efficiency, it is shown that the proportion of hydrogen entrainment due to its low solubility in water is very small, which, at the accepted pressure and temperature of recycled unreacted hydrogen, determines a sufficiently high indicator of recirculation efficiency. As a preliminary theoretical assessment has shown, the magnitude of the recirculation efficiency depends on the pressure and temperature at which unreacted hydrogen is recycled, which will obviously require further assessments over a wider range of pressures and temperatures. The proposed experimental methodology will make it possible to perform a reasonable assessment of the recirculation efficiency of unreacted hydrogen for conditions of additional heating of feedwater in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant.

By 2050, the world will have accumulated up to 60-70 million tons of used photovoltaic modules (PVMs), 43,4 million tons of wind turbine blades and up to 1 million tons of lithium batteries. Existing technologies and production capacities are not capable of processing these volumes, since the readiness of most of the technologies used is assessed as TRL3 - TRL8 and their economic efficiency is below the profitability level. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the need and calculate the amount of state support for the development of technologies for processing renewable energy waste. It has been determined that the amount of economic losses, in the absence of processing, will amount to up to $215 billion by 2050, including in the leading regions of renewable energy sources: in China $81 billion, in the EU $42 billion, in the USA $26 billion. The regional distribution of waste volume is shown, grouped by energy price level: 30% of waste in countries with the highest energy tariffs, mainly in Europe, 20% in regions with an average price, including all of North America, 50% in regions with the lowest price - the majority Asian countries. The dynamics of the increase in the number of patents for the selected IPCs for the period 2000-2024 was obtained, and the leading countries were identified. It is shown that the effect of state support for recycling will be obtained in two industries: firstly, a cost-effective industry for processing renewable energy waste will be formed, and secondly, the availability of scarce materials for renewable energy producers will increase.

Management decisions in the context of institutional transformations should be based on the use of a wide range of monographic methods that allow for a comprehensive analysis of changes in environmental activities. The paper evaluates the transformation of modern forms of reporting in the aspect of institutional reform of the environmental protection system, which form the environmental situation, as well as new forms and new rules of environmental reporting. The paper reviews the improvement of the regulatory framework and the expansion of state regulation measures depending on the category of objects of negative impact on the environment. The authors considered the reform in the field of statistical accounting of environmental activities to minimize all types of costs, the main of which are transactional, reviewed the creation and implementation of a Unified State Environmental Monitoring System (USSEM), including its territorial subsystems. The paper examines the international institutional component of environmental protection activities, the institutional assessment also includes fiscal institutions of taxation as one of the components of the institutions of environmental monitoring and environmental protection activities. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the main economic and financial indicators characterizing environmental protection activities, including the volume of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere coming from stationary sources and the volume of wastewater treatment, listed the factors that form their growth or decline. The work can be used to gain knowledge in the field of institutional assessment of environmental activities and its statistical accounting.

The article discusses issues related to the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in the design and construction of buildings of various functional purposes. Domestic and foreign regulatory documents in the field of carbon regulation are analyzed. Data on the carbon footprint of various sectors of the national economy are presented. Information on the dynamics of the CLT market development in Russia and the world is provided. The CLT production technology is described. The domestic and foreign experience of using CLT in construction is analyzed. A comparative analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from the production of various building materials is presented. It is shown that the use of CLT in construction reduces emissions of pollutants and helps to reduce the negative impact on the environment.