NONRENEWABLE ENERGY. ATOMIC ENERGY
Methods of resonant pumping of magnetic and electric energy in plasma are discussed in the art. Transformation of electromagnetic field of waves and charged particles are shown in self-balancing regimes with magnetic-electrogravitational confinement. Theoretical model of parametric energy transformation is developed, ability of current amplification in cross fields at the resonant interaction of oscillating electrons with electromagnetic field is substantiated. Phase transformation of magnetic, electric and kinetic energy are distinguished in two inertial frames.
On base of theoretical estimates and experiments experimental setup “Magnetic V dipole” (MVD) was elaborated.
In experimental plasma setup MVD rotating current loop was found in center of mass area. The device conception for direct transformation of particle energy (electrons and ions) as “rotor” and electromagnetic waves as “stator” with cyclic current increase is described.
Experimentally electric current amplification was produced with power 0.9 MW and current 1.76 kA from source for 5 kW on frequency 7 kHz. Low-temperature plasma held unlimited time in vortex magnetic was got.
Application of the method and setup is possible in different fields of fundamental and apply research, and also in mining and metallurgical production for extraction increasing of useful components. The results are published in articles and patents.
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
Водородная отрасль России существует более 100 лет и является одной из крупнейших в мире. В 2021 г. в стране было произведено более 5 млн т водорода (5 место в мире после КНР, США, ЕС-27 и Индии), на экспорт в виде водородосодержащей продукции (аммиак, метанол, азотные удобрения) было отправлено более 1 млн т.
В связи с мировыми тенденциями роста производства и использования водорода как энергоносителя, выполняющего роль важного инструмента по сокращению выбросов парниковых газов, декарбонизации энергетики, а также использования водорода в транспортном секторе и промышленности, проведен анализ текущего состояния и перспектив развития водородной энергетики в России, рассмотрены технологии низкоуглеродного производства водорода на предприятиях электроэнергетики, нефте- и газопереработки, логистика и технологии транспортировки и хранения водорода, проанализированы ведущие мировые и перспективные российские разработки, дана оценка целесообразности их применения в России.
In addition to the enormous nutritional value, the plasticity of metabolism and the high efficiency of photosynthesis induce active study and optimization of chlorella cultivation conditions. Due to the phototrophic type of nutrition, it would be most appropriate to study the influence of other factors under conditions of optimal energy supply to the cell, otherwise the data obtained when optimizing the growth of chlorella will contribute to faster growth under conditions of energy limitation, which is by no means always will be reproduced under optimal lighting conditions.
This article examines the influence of light intensity on the growth of chlorella and shows that chlorella exhibits the maximum growth rate when cultivated in the region of 19.0 kLx, while an increase in light intensity above this range does not lead to an increase in the growth rate of chlorella and significantly changes its pigment compound. A mathematical model is also presented that explains the influence of the specific lighting surface on cultivation productivity and with its help it is shown that the lighting surface is more critical than the light intensity on the growth of microalgae.
Achieving carbon neutrality in the future involves the use of low-carbon hydrogen as an energy source - in the power industry and heat supply of isolated areas - as a carbon-neutral fuel for generation and a secondary source of energy. In the transport sector, the prospects for the use of hydrogen extend to almost all types of vehicles - from cars, trains and ships to special-purpose equipment, air transport, both in fuel cells and in internal combustion engines. Rosatom State Corporation has developed a technology for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis using an anion- conducting matrix. The matrix is an inorganic fibrous material, and anionic conductivity is achieved as a result of the introduction of potassium cations during impregnation with a KOH solution. A wide range of productivity up to 115% and the possibility of its dynamic change make it possible to effectively combine these electrolyzers with renewable energy sources.
INFORMATION FOR AEE
It is shown that in biophysical systems a stable state is achieved and maintained under the condition of equality of entropic and negentropic characteristics. In relation to this condition, some principles of longevity for living systems are given, and rules for their implementation are given.