The paper represents the results of research on the solar potential of the Crimean Peninsula. Amount of incoming total solar radiation is considered as a basis for estimating the gross solar energy potential. The authors of this paper analyze the works, containing data on the solar energy potential. Currently, the gross potential of solar energy in the Crimean regional level is quite well studied. However, for the implementation of systems of solar energy it is necessary to conduct the research at the local level, where other factors such as spatial and temporal differentiation of the fields of solar radiation, and the restrictive factors of building solar power plants come into effect. These potentials determine the value of the technical and economic potential, which today in Crimea are virtually investigated.

The functioning of a habitable lunar base requires not only electricity but also heat energy that can be produced from electricity exclusively according to the existing projects. The use of clean solar heat energy faces a number of difficulties in the practical implementation of solar power plants due to the need for its accumulation and storage during lunar night that lasts 14.75 Earth days. The article considers the scheme of a habitable lunar base solar hot water system which is operable during the lunar day and night and includes flat-plate solar collector with hydrogen heat transfer agent and seasonal heat accumulator in the lunar soil filled with crushed regolith to maintain hot water temperature during lunar night. There are presented the results of the estimation of the solar system design parameters and performance analysis based on the developed mathematical model and computer simulations of dynamic modes of operation of the solar system, located on the equator and the middle latitudes of the Moon.

 

The results of research were presented on the calculation expressions to define values of absorptance (α_hp) and reduced-absorptance (τ_teα_hp) of premises with insolation passive heating systems (IPHS). When the research, premise IPHS considered as flat-plate solar collector, which has a greater thickness of air layer between the translucent coating and light-absorbing panel. It is assumed that the flux density of solar radiation passing through the translucent enclosure and entering inside the heated premises, isotropically distributed over the surfaces of the elements of its interior due to multiple internal reflection. From the results of researches was proposed calculation expressions to determine (α_hp) and (τ_teα_hp) of premises with IPHS and presented a practical example of their implementation.

 

The article represents a diagram of a wind power plant, at which there are the maximum use of the wind power and increase security of electricity supply to consumers. It substantiates the effectiveness of the scheme of autonomous wind power plant. Moreover, the article formulates conditions and the structure of the wind power plant operation scheme, and describes the principle of frequency control voltage generated by the wind power installation in a variety of situations and conditions. The use of selective disconnection of consumers makes it possible to increase the annual uninterrupted power supply of responsible consumers from 60% to 88%.

 

This study describes the methodological approaches to regional estimation of the resource base for the development of biopower production. The estimation scheme is implemented as sequential calculations of gross and technical potentials of crop and livestock waste using proprietary methodologies and geoinformational technologies. Estimates were made for bioenergy resources of agricultural production in the Volgograd region, with detailing the results for particular municipal settlements and urban districts of the region. It is noteworthy that during calculating the gross bioenergy potential we took into account only the organic waste of crop and livestock farming, rather than the gross of the specially produced biomass. In calculations, we used the official annual data published by Federal State Statistics Service of Russia on crops grown in the region and numbers of livestock (cattle and others) reared there. The estimates of the bioenergy potential are given in the form of tables and maps. These estimates, along with socioeconomic and ecological characteristics of the region, constitute the basis for energy policy making.

 

Synthesis gas for electrochemical generator was produced in gas generator with automatic steam gasification of coal Borodino deposits.  The paper compiles the thermal balances battery of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and boiler, intended for production of superheated water vapor for a gas generator and heating the cathode air. On the base of these balances, the proportion of hydrogen, oxidized anode SOFC; electrical efficiency; the temperature in the anode; losses with flue gases and to the surroundings through the thermal insulation; fuel cell EMF were calculated. Moreover, it was determined unit cost of coal for the production of electrical and heat energy. 

The paper shows the results of the study on the synthesis of carbon nanostructures on the iron, molybdenum and manganin substrates by plasma arc method. Atomic absorption spectroscopy identifies the presence of metal in the resulting product, and quantitative distribution of the different synthesized nanostructures in the samples, established by stepwise thermofraction oxidation. The presence of soluble carbon nanostructures was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry study toluene solutions of the samples. It has been found that substrates formed of molybdenum compounds are prone to low-temperature oxidation but iron and manganin substrate, conversely, the compounds contribute to the formation of high temperature.

 

Тhe present paper considers the niches for use of supercapacitor as part of wind turbines and gas microturbines on the base of an analysis of published data. Moreover, the paper gives the calculations and results of the technical and economic assessments using different drives (lead-acid battery and a supercapacitor) as: 1) starter battery of turbine Capstone and 2) a buffer store of wind-diesel complex capable to ensure the issuance of energy during stopping the wind turbine and the output of diesel generator on mode. It is shown that a number of these niches supercapacitors are competitive today, but for their wider application it is necessary to reduce of unit cost.

 

The method of removal of fine fraction from a polydisperse granular layer is experimentally investigated in order to increase its uniformity on the sizes of particles. This method is based on the earlier found out unusual effect consist in moving down the cylinder (tube) in fluidization layer; then inside the cylinder, the conditions for intensive pneumotransport of a firm phase are created. Consequently, the height, on which the disperse environment inside a tube rises, exceeds height of fluidization layer. Distinguishing feature of this method is absence of environmental contamination (a layer where of the fine fraction leaves is slightly motionless), and also is far less power consumption as energy is not spent on removal and transportation of minor particles, energy is spent only on minimal fluidization removal from a layer of fraction.

 

The paper obtains the dependence of the oscillations in the joint density of states of hydrostatic pressure in semiconductors with non-parabolic dispersion law and compares the oscillation of the joint density of states for the photon energy at different pressures in non-parabolic and parabolic zones. The method is applied to the research of the magnetic absorption in narrow-gap semiconductors with non-parabolic dispersion law. A new method for studying the influence of high pressures on the Landau levels in a semiconductor with a nonparabolic dispersion law is developed. The experimental results were interpreted using a joint density of states in a strong magnetic field. The theoretical results are compared with experimental results obtained for InN.