The relevance of the study is due to the transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy, increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon production in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 7, 2011 No. 899 (as amended on December 16, 2015) «On approval of priority directions for the development of science, technology and technology in the Russian Federation and the list critical technologies of the Russian Federation».
In this regard, this article is aimed at revealing the possibilities of using solar energy to power cathodic protection stations.
The main approach to studying this problem is solar collectors.

The paper proposes a methodology for designing intelligent systems of autonomous distributed hybrid power complexes (ADHPC) ensuring a minimum level of energy consumption from the national external grid as well as diesel power plants used to deliver the power to regional households, and industrial consumers. It will be realized because of the effective use of generated energy from renewable energy sources in such ADHPC systems by considering their both normal and emergency operating modes. In doing so, ADHPC will not only help offload the existing power grid during peak demand, but also allow for significant process efficiencies in energy production from renewable energy sources (RES), including "green" hydrogen: for instance, the excess energy is accumulated during the period of its excess and is provided back to power consumers in the period of shortage, the electricity losses are reduced since effective management is applied for power flows circulating in the ADHPC systems. The methodology includes the following stages (subtasks): development of the structure of a distributed hybrid system for generating and transporting electricity from sources to consumers; development of a system for diagnostics of failures of generating units and wire breaks in sections of local power transportation networks and management based on the diagnostics results of power flows circulating in the ADHPC systems for both normal and emergency modes. Therefore, a balance of power capacities and minimization of their losses are ensured.

The article analyzes the world experience in the use of solar energy in anaerobic bioconversion systems, deter-mines the necessary heat and electricity supply for a biogas plant, as well as the composition and location of solar modules of various designs for its energy supply. Various arrangements of solar modules of photovoltaic, thermal and photovoltaic thermal constructions on the surfaces of a container for a biogas plant are considered. Various modes of energy generation for power supply of a biogas plant are proposed - to ensure the minimum power generation mode in parallel operation with the network and the power generation mode for a daily power consumption with batteries, as well as the minimum power generation mode in parallel operation with the network to control the power generation schedule.

In this work, Ti-H compounds were studied by means of ATAT, USPEX codes equipped with the QE and VASP interface. The forecast estimation allowed revealing a number of stable and geometrically optimized hydrides having various atomic compositions: Ti₆H₂, Ti₅H₃, Ti₅H₂, Ti₄H₃, Ti₃H₅ of a simple triclinic group, and highly symmetric alloys TiH₂, Ti₂H₂, Ti₆H₂, Ti₃H₅. The stability of the hydrides was evaluated by means of calculations from first-principles and the convex hull method. Model estimations of the mechanical characteristics showed that the hydrides having a low mass density belonged to high-strength compounds. The identified hydrides could be included into the reference base of Ti-H compounds. The possibility of obtaining Ti-Al-based alloys supplemented with Sc, Y, Dy, Ho additives by the “Hydride technology” was considered. The lamellar structure formation when adding 2 at.% of Sc, Y to Ti-50Al (at.%) was detected. Isotypic compounds Y₆Ti₄Al₄₃, Dy₆Ti₄Al₄₃, Ho₆Ti₄Al₄₃ were formed when adding 2 at.% of Y, Dy, Ho to Ti-50Al (at.%). The values of microhardness and electrical resistance were provided.

The issues related to the study of the possibility of digitalization of the reliability control of hydrogen engines are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the digital transformation of the economy. The purpose of the study is to develop software for vibration diagnostics of hydrogen engines to reduce the hardware complexity of its implementation on programmable logic integrated circuits. The methods of software modeling were used in the study. The re-sults of the study showed and confirmed the possibility of reducing the error of controlling the vibration levels of a hydrogen engine by recurrent methods of multiband difference digital filtration. The model experiment allowed us to determine the conditions for the implementation of recurrent algorithms for comparative evaluation of the vibration level of such an engine.

An analysis of CO₂ capture and storage technologies resulting from processes in which biomass is converted to energy or used to produce materials (BECCS) was made. It is shown that they will be widely used after 2030. The issues of biomass combustion in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) are considered, including combustion in an oxygen environment with CO₂ recirculation, which can provide carbon neutrality. The issues of obtaining hydrogen by various methods are considered, their comparison in terms of cost and carbon footprint is given. It is noted that the production of "green" hydrogen by electrolysis from wind and solar energy is hardly justified in the conditions of Russia. Therefore, it is of interest to study the possibility of using electricity from the steam cycle when burning biomass as a renewable energy source. Calculations were made according to our own methods and the results of calculations of a plant with hydrogen production using a CFB boiler with a steam output of 100 t/h are presented. Two variants of biomass are considered - chips and pellets. The boiler was designed for air combustion, oxygen combustion with CO₂ recirculation and variants with the addition of oxygen from the electrolyser at 50% and 100% of the generated electricity supply. The parameters of the boiler and the consumption of hydrogen and oxygen in these options are determined. A Levelized Life Cycle Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) evaluation has been performed, showing that the proposed carbon neutral plant provides a levelized cost value at the lower end of existing plants with renewable electrolysis. Calculations have shown that when switching to full oxygen combustion with a payment for emissions of 30 USD/t CO₂ LCOH, there will be about 2 USD/kg of hydrogen. Such a BECCS project will be quite promising. It is shown that the indirect carbon footprint for the proposed plant is 0.38 - 0.95 kg/kg and certainly meets the requirements for low-carbon hydrogen (carbon footprint less than 4.4 kg/kg).

The paper presents a 3 kW prototype of a hybrid energy system (HES) based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and lithium iron phosphate batteries to power remote consumers of the railway industry. A control system for ensure HES high efficiency and reduce hydrogen consumption is developed. The structure of the HES prototype is presented, and description of its main blocks and their characteristics is given. Experimental studies of the fuel cell used in the HES were carried out to determine the control system optimal settings. HES characteristic operating modes differing in the strategy of power distribution between the sources are formed using the principles of the finite state machine theory. The results of studies of the HES prototype in various operating modes are presented, which confirmed the operability of the device, the high quality of the electrical energy, the correctness of the control algorithm and the choice of control system settings.

The development of large energy systems based on renewable energy sources is accompanied by an increase in the input capacity of large network drives. Taking into account the vector for decarbonization and maneuverability, the use of hydrogen as fuel in the cycle of a diabetic air-accumulating electric power plant is a promising scientific and technical direction. The task of complex optimization of the structure and parameters of the CAES for various regions of the Russian Federation should be solved taking into account the following factors: external (required adjustment range in the power system; the prevailing economic performance of the OREM; infrastructural and environmental restrictions for the operation of diabatic CAES on natural gas), internal (capital costs for mass-produced Russian equipment, physical restrictions on installation sites and the volume of air storage). At the same time, the technical potential of the CAES, unlike many other storage devices, is not limited to generating only electric energy, because due to the physical features of the compression and expansion processes, it is possible to create a cogeneration or trigeneration plant to produce both heat and cold. The problem of forecasting the shortage of electricity and maneuverable capacities in the regions of the country should be considered in the context of several vulnerabilities: limitation of flows between power systems, lack of the required number of maneuverable capacities to ensure the adjustment range (excess of basic power at nuclear power plants and thermal power plants), decommissioning of physically outdated generating equipment, impossibility timely qualified repair and replacement of high-capacity foreign generating equipment, active introduction of renewable energy sources. Based on the analysis of the vulnerabilities of the UES of Russia, it was found that the greatest potential for the development of maneuverable generation and large storage facilities is available in the UES of the Center and the UES of the South. The key control influences that determine the configuration of the CAES in terms of capital and operating costs are: the marginal profit of the CCPP-CAES and GRES-CAES power units in flight and winter modes, the energy efficiency of the CAES thermal scheme (loading compressors and turbines in the field of high efficiency, the use of thermal energy regeneration, etc.), as well as availability of standard Russian-made equipment. Only a balanced combination of all three control actions can increase the attractiveness of both large energy storage facilities in general and CAES, in particular, for conducting electrical modes of a unified Power System. For the conditions of the UES of the South and the UES of the Center, taking into account the availability of natural gas and the typical values of the installed capacity of power units, it is advisable to introduce a diabatic hydroelectric power plant with electric power at discharge of 100-200 MW to maintain peak conditions with a total duration of 3-6 hours per day. This paper analyzes the key performance indicators of an air-storage power plant in the presence and absence of thermal energy regeneration within the cycle. The prospects for the use of a methane-hydrogen mixture in gas turbines have been further assessed. The paper concludes with a calculation of the methane plasma pyrolysis process as one of the possible ways to produce hydrogen for energy purposes.