An increase in the control horizon is necessary to maintain a sufficient supply of resources in order to cover peak power consumption, as well as to optimize power and electricity reserves in isolated power systems. At present, two main approaches are used to solve this problem: mathematical modeling of the expected levels of solar insolation based on the analysis of retrospective data sets on the actual levels of insolation in the corresponding periods; current forecast level of insolation based on global and local climate research and forecasts. The development of systems for obtaining climatological information using ground-based and space-based systems tends to increase the level of weather forecasting to an acceptable level for applied energy problems.

   The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of medium-term forecasting of electricity consumption through the use of meteorological data and clustering of meteorological conditions.

   The paper examines the use of global climate models to predict energy production by renewable energy installations using the example of a solar module. A method for calculating the arrival of solar radiation on an inclined platform is considered. A comparison was made of the forecast data obtained using the climate models ECMWF, WRF and the actual energy production of the solar module.

   The paper describes a new method for determining the energy efficiency of the life cycles of wind farms by the aggregated data of energy costs. The rationale for the use of aggregated data to determine energy costs during the life cycle of the wind farms is given. The classification of wind turbines and wind farms elements by the parameters and technical characteristics of the elements with subsequent division into groups for which aggregated data of energy costs are determined is given. Within the framework of the method have been developed an algorithm for determining energy costs on the production of elements of wind turbines and wind farms and formulas for their calculation during the life cycle of wind farms. In order to test the method, energy cost was calculated during the life cycle for two wind farms with wind turbines that differ parameters and technical characteristics of the elements and their energy efficiency was determined. In the article also has been shown that the use of a hydrogen storage unit as part of a wind turbine makes it possible to efficiently use energy during down periods and increase the efficiency of the installation by 25-30%. It is noteworthy that a wind-hydrogen farm allows not only to accumulate excess energy during lean periods, but also to save the resource of wind turbines. When the energy reserve in the hydrogen battery reaches close to full, part of the wind turbines of the wind-hydrogen farm can be automatically temporarily stopped in a given order.

   The possibility of numerical modeling of a system for transmitting electricity through long cables from a group of remote wave and wind power plants with asynchronous generators and located in individual weather conditions is presented. A mathematical model of a set of asynchronous generators, transformers and an onshore network has been constructed, and it has been shown that in order to increase the accuracy of calculations, it is advisable to represent cable routes as lines with parameters distributed along their length. An algorithm for composing model equations is described, and examples of calculating typical operating modes are given.

   Wood is the most widely used renewable energy resource, so there is a growing interest in biofuel energy sources. Along with the energy use of waste from wood processing, the question arises of involving fast-growing wood species, which include populus, alnus incana, etc., in the energy balance of deciduous wood settlements. A comprehensive study of the efficiency of the Firematic 60 hot-water boiler when working on populus and alnus incana chips was carried out. The elemental composition of burned fuels and resulting ash was studied using an EDX-8000 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and a Euro EA-3000 analyzer. The components of the heat balance and the emission of harmful substances have been determined. Emissions of particulate matter and their soot content were studied. The size, shape and composition of soot particles were determined using a Zeiss SIGMA VP scanning electron microscope. An energy survey showed that this hot water boiler provides high energy-economic indicators and minimal emissions of harmful substances into the environment when burning wood biofuel chips of a homogeneous composition. An assessment was made of the possible reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by replacing imported coal with biofuels based on populus and alnus incana.

   The work is dedicated to the analysis of the efficiency of utilization of low-potential heat of the hydrogen complex at the NPP power unit. A new scheme for the integration of hydrogen technologies into an existing energy facility has been developed with an assessment of the economic efficiency of the event. It is shown that due to the utilization of low-potential heat obtained during the production of hydrogen by electrolysis, it is possible to increase the available capacity of nuclear power plants, which will ensure an increase in hydrogen production while reducing the cost. The object of integration, the Kola NPP, was selected and justified. Simulation modeling of the thermal circuit of a nuclear power plant power unit with a K-220-44 turbine unit in the United Cycle CAD, modeling of the hydrogen electrolysis process in the Aspen HYSYS program, with determination of the potential of waste heat in a hydrogen generating plant, as well as mathematical modeling using probabilistic estimation techniques to determine the main parameters of the economic efficiency of implementation, were chosen as research methods events. The paper calculates the theoretical possible volume of hydrogen generation at the Kola NPP, which amounted to 6,46∙108 m³/year. An increase in power by 6,24 MW at the terminals of electric generators is shown due to the utilization of thermal energy of low potential electrolysis plants for two power units of the station. An assessment of the economic efficiency of the introduction of a heat recovery unit into the production cycle of a nuclear power plant has been carried out. An increase in the theoretical possible volume of hydrogen generation by 3∙104 m³/day was obtained, which gives the expected annual economic effect from the introduction of the technology of 195∙104 $/year.

   An assessment was made of the influence of underburning of hydrogen in a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator on the technical and economic efficiency of installing a hydrogen energy complex at a nuclear power plant, which is a well-known approach to solving an urgent problem of modern energy systems - ensuring the further development of nuclear energy as an environmentally friendly source of electricity based on the accumulation of off-peak electricity. An approach is considered and a diagram is presented for increasing the reliability of using the hydrogen energy complex at nuclear power plants by reducing underburning and eliminating the entry of unburned hydrogen into the main steam power cycle of the power unit. Several options for the level of hydrogen underburning and a range of system operating conditions for the hydrogen energy complex are considered. A comprehensive calculation of the technical and economic indicators of the hydrogen energy complex at nuclear power plants was carried out, and the conditions for its effectiveness were determined. As calculations have shown, underburning of hydrogen leads to a noticeable decrease in annual income and average annual profit from the sale of peak electricity. The achieved reduction is 11,67 and 35,01 million rubles/year at 5 and 15 % underburning of hydrogen, respectively. At the minimum tariff for off-peak electricity, the reduction in accumulated net present value is 96,6, 192,8 and 289,4 with an increase in hydrogen underburning to 5, 10 and 15 %, respectively. The dependence of the maximum level of hydrogen underburning on the tariff for off-peak electricity, which ensures the efficiency of implementation of the considered hydrogen energy complex at nuclear power plants, is constructed. As calculations have shown, efficient operation of the hydrogen energy complex is achieved with a tariff for off-peak energy efficiency in the range from 0 to 0,45; 0,38; 0,3 and 0,24 rubles/kWh for hydrogen underburning of 0,5, 10 and 15 %, respectively.

   This paper presents the results of the calculation of a liquid-phase reduction reactor with a capacity of 10 tons of reconstituted iron per hour. According to the equilibrium calculation of the compositions of a multicomponent heterogeneous thermodynamic system carried out using the proven IVTANTERMO software package, the degree of metallization of the product leaving the reactor is 99 %. The necessary costs have been established to ensure this degree of metallization of various iron-containing materials. The composition and volume of gases formed after reduction were determined.

   Hydrogen, as a zero-carbon fuel, is becoming an important component for decarbonizing the economy. It can be used not only as a storage medium, but also as a fuel for power generation equipment. Hydrogen is very different in its energy properties (high calorific value, high combustion rate), which are very different from traditional gas turbine fuels, so when burning hydrogen, new unexplored problems may arise during the operation of main and auxiliary equipment. To introduce hydrogen technologies into the traditional energy system, new approaches to equipment operation are required. Gas turbines, unlike other power equipment, can be configured to burn any gaseous fuel that meets the combustion chamber requirements. Combustion of 100 % H₂ in the combustion chamber of an operating gas turbine is impossible without deep modernization; this can cause damage to the main and auxiliary equipment. Gas turbines powered by hydrogen will be an important component in the decarbonization of all industries. The article discusses the variable operating modes of a gas turbine unit with a capacity of 18 MW, depending on the percentage of H₂ in natural gas. The traditional fuel for gas turbines is natural gas, and the presented study considers adding up to 20 % hydrogen to the natural gas feed. The addition of hydrogen fuel affects the operating mode of the turbine. The operation of a gas turbine unit at various outside temperatures, operation at full and partial load in the conditions of the wholesale electricity market is considered.