The article presents material dedicated to the centenary of the outstanding scientist of our time, the patriarch of hydrogen energy, the founder of the international hydrogen association IAHE, the founder of the international journal on hydrogen energy IJHE, Professor T.N. Veziroglu.

Prof. T.N. Veziroglu devoted most of his life to the development of hydrogen energy, going down in history as the founder and leader of a community of scientists and specialists working to implement the concept of building a hydrogen economy, in which the main sources of energy and energy carriers would be materials and technologies, not causing irreparable harmful effects on the environment. In particular, prof. T.N. Veziroglu together with IAAEE President A.L. Gusev, in the period from 2000 to 2021, took an active part in the creation of the Concept of Alternative Energy and Ecology, the creation and development of the International Scientific Journal for «Alternative Energy and Ecology» (ISJAEE), being the Honorary Chief Editor of this journal and an active author of the journal. During these years, he participated in the international scientific project «Hydrogen Sensors» (ISTC#1580) as a project collaborator from the USA, and published more than 25 works in the field of hydrogen energy. Together with A.L. Gusev organized international forums: IFSSEHT-2000; IFSSEHT-2003; IFSSEHT-2006; WCAEE-2006 and others.

Approaching his centenary, Prof. Veziroglu became not just the patriarch of hydrogen energy, but its calling card, the center of international cooperation in efforts to establish a new energy paradigm: the unlimited use of clean energy based on hydrogen technologies.

Possibilities of plasma chemical deposition of а-Si_1-xGe_x:H (x = 0-1) films undoped and doped with PH₃ or B₂H₆ have been analyzed from the viewpoint of their application in p-i-n structures of solar cell. The optical properties are considered, and the amount of hydrogen contained in those films is determined. The film properties are found to strongly depend on the film composition and the hydrogenation level. The number of hydrogen atoms in the films is varied by changing the gas mixture composition, and IR absorption in а-Si:H and а-Ge:H films is measured. The а-Si:H and а-Si_0,88 Ge_1,2:H films were used to fabricate three-layer solar with an element area of 1,3 sm² and an efficiency (ζ) of 9,5%.

The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of using biogas enriched with hydrogen at a steam-turbine mini-thermal power plant with a capacity of 1 MW, in which the process of heat energy accumulation was organized. Two-stage biological conversion of organic waste was considered in the technological scheme as the basis for obtaining biohydrogen and biogas. Five compositions of gaseous fuels were analyzed in this paper. The biohydrogen content was varied in increments of 15% to 45%. When generating steam, a boiler with a capacity of 25 tons /hour was used; its calculation was key in the power generation unit. For fast recycling of waste with minimal hydraulic retention time, the most effective way is to use gas with a hydrogen content of up to 15%. At the same time, the daily processing of waste will be from 349,87 to 362,21 tons, and the excess of technical hydrogen of 99,99% purity can be realized in cylinders. The amount of organic fertilizers produced at the mini-TPP will be at least 241 tons /day. The efficiency of the steam boiler will be 95%. Resulting steam is sent to a 1 MW steam turbine to generate electricity. Although the smallest amount of flue gases is generated by burning fuel with a hydrogen content of 45% in a steam boiler, this is technologically impossible to implement in the scheme under consideration, since there is a shortage H₂. It should be noted that the fuel consumption in a steam boiler increases as the proportion of hydrogen increases. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it can be argued that there are not enough standard methods for designing a steam-turbine mini-thermal power plant on hydrogen, and additional research is necessary.

The relevance of the researcis due to the need for an expert assessment of the state of fuel, energy and renewable resources in the world, especially sources of renewable or generated energy. This is due to the existence of human society in a unique and interconnected world, in which the most serious energy, environmental and socio-economic problems occur on a global scale associated with scientific and technological progress, and energy development in general.

Research methods: Research methodology includes analysis of scientific and methodological publications, articles in scientific publications, and Internet resources. To analyze theoretical data, methods of registration, submission, grouping, classification, comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific materials were used.

The problem of studying the operating cycle of a pulse jet engine is important in the context of the occurrence of vibration combustion, as well as the transition of combustion to detonation. The characteristics of a detonation-combustion pulse jet engine should be significantly higher than the characteristics of air-breathing jet engines. The article presents the results of a search for ways to increase the specific performance of a valveless ejector pulse jet engine. The results of fire tests of engines with partial conversion of the original fuel and generation during the operating cycle of peroxides and active centers obtained during cold-flame reactions are presented. As a result of the experiments, a displacement of the combustion zones in the engine downstream into the region of the recirculation zone was obtained. The numerical modeling performed showed agreement with experiment acceptable for engineering calculations. An increase in engine jet thrust was obtained due to partial fuel conversion and a shift in the ignition zone. The transition of combustion to detonation leads to a significant reduction in engine life. The results obtained and a new method of influencing the work process based on a shift in the combustion zone are discussed. It is shown that an increase in the combustion rate of the air-fuel mixture leads to a change in the acoustic feedback mechanism.

In the mining industry, the work system relies on equipment that consumes large amounts of energy. In mining operations, diesel equipment is widely used due to its flexibility, load capacity and adaptability to various terrain conditions. However, it has high diesel consumption and high greenhouse gas emissions, mainly carbon monoxide. Using hydrogen as a fuel not only offers the opportunity to decarbonize transportation and the mining industry, but also significantly reduces local air pollution. The list of possible objects for using the proposed hydrogen technology includes: diesel power plants, high-voltage diesel distillation stations, mining excavators, drilling rigs, diesel-powered loading and hauling vehicles and others. The use of hydrogen as a fuel to drive engines of power plants and transport facilities in the mining industry requires the development of equipment to control the leakage of hydrogen from storage elements and fuel supply to the engines. The solution to the problem of monitoring hydrogen leaks from fuel tanks of mining vehicles and power equipment that ensures the operation of mining enterprises using Raman lidar is considered. It is shown that at a laser radiation wavelength of 532 nm it is possible to obtain the minimum time for measuring the hydrogen concentration in the air with a Raman lidar at a given sensing distance. It was found that lidar sensing from geostationary orbit at a laser radiation wavelength of 532 nm also provides the minimum measurement time for a given concentration of the hydrogen molecules under study.

The article presents experimental results of electrolysis with non-standard electrodes within the framework of the WCAEE-HPSA-2023 Conference program. These experimental results are a continuation of the tests described in the previous work of the author «Nonequilibrium processes in metal hydrides» in the journal «Alternative Energy and Ecology» in No. 17-18 for 2015. 35 experiments on the electrolysis cell were carried out on ordinary tap water with various cathodes, where a 40x20x2 mm copper plate was used as the anode. In these tests, due to their short duration, no change in the current in the circuit was noticed during the process. Further tests were longer, accompanied by a drop in current, which occurred due to the formation of copper oxide on the surface of the anode. Therefore, the author set the task of finding an anode in which the current in the circuit would not drop during the experiment.

The paper presents energy management systems (EMS) for multistack fuel cell (FC) systems that allow minimizing hydrogen consumption. The multistack EMS should distribute loads between FCs to ensure efficient operation of the system. However, the FC characteristics can change significantly during their operation, which will lead to a change in the optimal power distribution between FCs. The most common multistack EMS – equal distribution and daisy chain – are not able to effectively respond to these changes. The authors propose a real-time EMS for a dual stack polymer proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system to reduce hydrogen consumption. The EMS initial data are the current characteristics of the FC – the polarization curve and hydrogen consumption. A computer model is used to compare the effectiveness of the proposed EMS and classical ones for three configurations of 2 kW dual stack PEMFC system. Using the test daily load profile as an example, the hydrogen savings for the proposed EMS were 7,24% compared to the equal distribution strategy and 11,42% compared to the daisy chain strategy.

The results of the study of the kinetic microgenerator operation features with a re-duced output voltage are presented. A comparison of the performance of a multi-stage modified Bennet doubler and a system including a two-stage modified Bennet doubler and a diode-capacitor voltage divider is carried out. It is shown that with an increase of the number of stages in the modified Bennet doubler, the con-version of mechanical energy into electrical energy becomes less and less efficient. At the same time, in order to obtain the maximum rate of energy accumulation (power), a two-stage power amplifier based on a Bennet doubler is preferable. It is established that during analyzing the operation of a diode-capacitor voltage divider, it is necessary to take into account the intrinsic (reverse) capacitances of the discharging diodes, which significantly affect the operation of the divider. The features of the divider behavior depending the load resistance and the intrinsic capacitances of the discharge diodes are found and analyzed. Analytical expressions linking the main characteristics of the microgenerator as a whole with the parameters of the electronic components used are obtained. It is shown that in order to expand the range of the «correct» division of the divider, it is necessary to use discharging diodes with minimal intrinsic capacitances, as well as connecting a load to the Bennet doubler as a voltage divider changes the permissible capacitance modulation depth of the variable capacitor.

The increase in pig population has led to an accumulation of swine manure (SM) in the environment. Improper disposal of this waste can lead to environmental pollution. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for utilizing SM, but its industrial application is still limited due to high lignocellulose content and a suboptimal carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. In this study, indirect electrochemical pretreatment (IEP) was used to improve AD of SM. IEP involves treating SM with reactive oxygen species generated by tap water electrolysis. Three different pretreatment modes (acidic-alkaline, acidic, and alkaline-acidic-alkaline) were tested, differing in the time of water flow through the electrochemical unit of the IEP device. Using scanning electron microscopy and UV-V is spectroscopy, it was found that as a result of IEP, the particle size of the SM decreased from 200-500 to 15-50 μm. This led to an increase in biodegradability by 37-38%, compared to untreated SM. Using the alkaline-acid-alkaline pretreatment mode, the highest methane yield of 94,48 ± 1,42 mL CH₄/g VS was obtained, which was 41,28 ± 2,21% higher than in the control group. During AD of pretreated SW, more complex microbial aggregates were observed in the anaerobic microbial community, and the relative abundance of hydrolytic (Bacillus, Ureibacillus, and Geobacillus genera) and syntrophic (Smithella genus and Christensenellaceae R-7 group) microorganisms increased.

The relevance of this study is due to the optimization and improvement of the working process of propulsion systems, including through the activation of motor fuels. The authors of the article note not only the energy and technical benefits of such activation, but also talk about its economic benefits. It is noted that fuel activators can reduce the consumption of this fuel, increase engine power and reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust.

The scientific sources used in the preparation of this study are the works of Russian authors working in the field of fuel energy. The authors conclude that the study of motor fuel activation by magnetic treatment is of the greatest scientific interest.