The aim of the work is to assess the reliability of the fastening elements of the facade photovoltaic station (PVS) of the building of the Ural Power Engineering Institute.

To correctly simulate the operating mode of the façade photovoltaic system, real conditions were taken into account, such as the stochastic nature of solar radiation, ambient temperature throughout the year, façade orientation and position of the photovoltaic system modules, building proportions, wind effects, etc.

An assessment was made of wind velocity, standard wind pressure, and bearing capacity of the PV system fastening elements for the city of Yekaterinburg. The modeling of the bearing capacity of the engineering elements for fastening the PVS to the wall of the building was carried out in the LIRA-SAPR software package, which implements the finite element method in the form of displacements. The method made it possible to determine the forces in the anchors of fastening the FES elements from wind loads, the weight of the panels and their combinations at various wind speeds and directions.

It is shown that the load does not exceed the maximum loads on the fastening elements of PVS obtained on the basis of tests – the maximum load on the anchor is 21,84 kN.

Taking into account the bearing capacity of the anchors for fastening PVS panels on their own weight, shear and tearing under the combined action of loads, the maximum permissible wind speed is 60,9 m/sec, which is significantly higher than the wind speed values 60,9 m/sec observed at present and predicted in connection with climate change for the city of Yekaterinburg.

The article presents the results of studies of the nature of changes in the graph of the wall temperature dependence on the heat flux density, which established that regardless of the position of the pipe and the direction of fluid flow at supercritical pressures and t_c ≈ t_m, a mode with improved heat transfer occurs. The onset of improved heat exchange when the temperature of the inner wall surface reaches the pseudocritical temperature of the studied liquid (n-heptane) undoubtedly indicates the influence of changes in thermophysical parameters on the heat transfer process. Under these conditions, all thermophysical properties, changing sharply, obtain their extreme values. Moreover, with distance from the critical pressure, as shown by the results of studies of thermophysical properties, and in the pseudocritical temperature region, the rate of change of physical parameters noticeably weakens, which should have a certain effect on heat transfer.

The paper considers emissions of pollutants from motor transport, in total atmospheric pollution they amount to 70% on the example of a specific megalopolis. The highway is considered as a linear source consisting of single point sources of pollution. Special attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase.

Definitely, when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) exhaust gas components.

The variability of traffic density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory based on three-year monitoring have been established. It is proposed to place accounting points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period.

The simulation of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase air pollutants in roadside areas has been carried out. The model of diffusion movements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants.

A choice was made and a method was recommended for investigating the level of dustiness of motor transport roads, which allows dust particles from 0.1 microns to 250 microns to be fixed in the air. An algorithm for an improved monitoring system for the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential area is proposed.

To minimize the emission of suspended solids, a two-stage emission purification system consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorberis proposed.

The paper considers emissions of pollutants from motor transport, which make up 70% of the total air pollution using a specific metropolis as an example. The motorway is considered as a linear source consisting of point single sources of pollution. Particular attention is paid to suspended fine particles in the solid phase.

Certainly, when assessing the level of environmental pollution, it is important to take into account not only the total number of motor vehicles, but also the ratio of cars of different categories, since they, having different emission factors, supply unequal volumes (mass) of exhaust gas components.

The variability of the traffic flow density on the streets of six administrative districts of Voronezh and the complexity of zoning the city territory based on three-year monitoring were established. It is proposed to locate the metering points on streets that differ in their status in the general transport network of the city in order to obtain reliable data during the monitoring period.

Modeling of diffusion movements and migrations of solid-phase polluting ingredients of the air of roadside areas was carried out. The model of diffusion movements and migrations of heavy metals is considered in relation only to passive contaminants.

The choice and recommendation of the methodology for studying the level of dustiness of roads of motor transport is implemented, allowing recording dust particles from 0.1 μm to 250 μm in the air. An algorithm of an improved system for monitoring the content of fine dust in the atmosphere of a residential area is proposed.

To minimize the emission of suspended matter, a two-stage emission purification system is proposed, consisting of a gas-liquid absorber and a catalytic adsorber.

In the context of a growing energy crisis and the need to reduce the carbon footprint, the importance of increasing the energy efficiency of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) is of particular relevance. This paper presents an analytical calculation of increasing the energy efficiency of hydroelectric power plants built around reservoirs using wind energy. The research aims to integrate wind turbines with existing hydropower systems to optimize overall energy production. An analysis of the region’s wind resources was carried out and the most suitable areas for installing turbines were determined. The study results showed that combining hydro and wind energy systems can significantly improve overall energy efficiency and stability of energy supply. The application of the proposed methodology will reduce operating costs, increase the sustainability of the energy system and contribute to the fight against climate change.

The development of technology to stabilize and improve the energy efficiency of hydroelectric power plants built on reservoirs using wind energy technologies is a significant advance in the integration of renewable energy. This study analytically examines wind turbines and hydroelectric systems to improve energy production and operational stability.

The study demonstrates that, in a traditional desalination plant, solar energy penetrates the pool water through a translucent coating, which also functions as a steam condenser. However, the light transmission of this coating is significantly reduced during condensation due to the formation of films, jets, and droplets of condensate.

The research establishes that incorporating a separate steam condenser within the system structure produces beneficial effects across all recorded levels of solar insolation and ambient temperatures. A significant influence of liquid temperature on the evaporation rate from the free surface is observed. By leveraging this effect, the installation of an additional steam-dynamic circuit, using a low-boiling coolant, for solar heating of the pool yields a considerable positive outcome, particularly when the coolant (acetone) reaches a temperature exceeding its boiling point.

Furthermore, the addition of a screen at the rear wall of the desalination plant does not provide a beneficial effect; the wall temperature remains 2-3 °C higher than without the protective screen.

The experimental study highlights the potential for significantly enhancing the efficiency of the solar water desalination system, particularly for the city of Yekaterinburg. The proposed design of the desalination plant is expected to be even more effective in regions with higher levels of solar insolation and ambient temperatures.

The use of hydrogen transport is an important step towards carbon neutrality. Unlike traditional transport running on hydrocarbon fuel, hydrogen cars do not have a negative impact on the environment during their operation. At the moment, new green technologies for public transport deserve special attention, since in large cities it is a key source of pollution. Achieving carbon neutrality is impossible without the use of new hydrogen technologies in all industries. Hydrogen in its final form should become the main fuel for transport (cars, buses, trains, river vessels), which, unlike electric transport, is not limited by the speed of refueling. Hydrogen energy in the process of its development faces a large number of tasks and challenges, such as the production of «environmentally friendly» hydrogen, namely «green», which is in the greatest demand during the transition to a carbon-free economy, as a result of the problems arising during the storage of hydrogen. Russia has huge water resources and one of the promising, energy-efficient and economically inexpensive technologies is the production of hydrogen fuel at hydroelectric power plants. This study presents a scheme for producing green hydrogen at a mini-hydroelectric power station with subsequent use for public transport. In the Russian Federation, various domestic companies are developing and designing hydrogen-fueled transport. In the near future, hydrogen public transport may become a good alternative to diesel buses.

The primary objective of this article is to assess the application of modern technologies for energy supply of facilities located in the Arctic zone. The main focus is on carbon-free energy technologies, including an energy storage system based on the hydrogen cycle. Hydrogen storage systems allow for long-term seasonal energy storage cycles from renewable sources, the seasonality of which is more pronounced for Arctic regions.

At the moment, there is a sufficient number of works devoted to the use of various carbon-free technologies in Arctic conditions, but all of them are devoted to work on energy supply for narrow-profile facilities, usually Arctic stations.Therefore, the authors of this article decided to consider the use of the hydrogen cycle to provide a functioning Arctic settlement of Khatanga with a population of about 5 thousand people. This work will provide an economic assessment of the project for modernization of the energy system with the introduction of renewable sources, as well as hydrogen storage. Together with the assessment, an analysis of the sensitivity of the economic indicators of the project’s efficiency is provided depending on various conditions associated with the location of the system in the Arctic region.

The need to increase the level of municipal solid waste (MSW) utilization, combined with an increased focus on low-carbon energy, leads to an increase in interest in technologies for producing hydrogen from MSW, not only at the industrial level, but also at the state level. The availability of free space and excess generation capacity makes thermal power plants (TPPs) the most suitable objects for introducing such installations. The aim of the study is to analyse the potential and prospects for converting MSW to hydrogen based on TPPs using the example of the Ural Federal District. During the study, an assessment was carried out of the potential volume of hydrogen production and use of MSW, the parameters of a thermal power plant were calculated that could serve as a basis for introducing an MSW hydrogen installation. The expected change in technical and economic indicators of a thermal plant was analyzed, and recommendations were made on the choice of a site. Thus, under the conditions of the Ural Federal District, total hydrogen production can range from 11 to 31 tons per hour. At the same time, production of hydrogen will require water vapor ranging from 63 to 137 tons per hour and cooling water ranging from 32 to 7,233 tons per hourAnd it will lead to a decrease in electric power from 58 MW to 125 MW (while maintaining the load on steam-generating equipment constant), an increase in conventional fuel consumption from 6 tons per hour to 12 tons (with an increase in load on the steam generator), and an increase of 18 MW thermal capacity of thermal plants to 84 MW when disposing of waste heat generated by the MSW (hydrogen) installation. The expected margin profit change will vary from -32 thousand rubles per hour with a decrease in turbine power and utilization of hydrogen waste heat, or from +29 to -21 thousand rubles with an increase in steam generation unit fuel consumption and use of hydrogen production waste heat.

The reaction of an excitable myocardial cell to an external stimulus is considered. The charge of the pulse is spent on polarization of electrodes and electrochemical reactions with the release of chemicals. In the process of electrochemical reactions, substances harmful to living tissue can be formed. The formation of fibrous tissue is associated with the adverse effects of substances formed as a result of electrochemical reactions. The working electrodes for a pacemaker should be close to «ideally polarized». The electrodes should be divided according to their functionality.

An electromagnetic distance sensor with a solid magnetic core made of structural steel has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the presence of a product in various sections of a process line, which makes it possible to increase reliability and improve the technical and economic performance of robotic complexes and flexible automated production.

For Russia, coal is the most affordable in terms of the number of reserves and its cost. However, its use is limited by the fuel’s complex fuel treatment system, as well as the amount of solid waste and the high content of harmful substances in flue gases when using coal as fuel for thermal power plants. In addition, the use of coal in gas turbine installations is practically impossible and economically impractical.

The existing methods of coal gasification make it possible to expand not only the scope of its application, but also to reduce the damage to the environment. However, the use of generator gas opens up new possibilities for using synthesis gas, which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a low calorific value, and its production requires not only fuel treatment, but also the installation of additional expensive equipment.

The article considers the mixing of hydrogen with synthesis gas to increase the heat of combustion of the fuel mixture leads to an increase in the efficiency of a gas turbine unit of the NK-16-18 ST type, expressed in reducing fuel consumption and increasing efficiency. The study was carried out on a mathematical model using an automated system for gas dynamic calculation of energy turbomachines (AS GRET). This study shows the possibility of increasing the energy characteristics of the generator gas by mixing hydrogen with it. 

The article is aimed at studying the impact of climate change on permafrost areas and developing methods
to protect infrastructure, in particular railways, from the negative effects of geocryological processes. The methods
of modeling, remote sensing, geocryological and geophysical studies, as well as the use of unmanned aerial vehicles
to monitor the state of permafrost and the dynamics of permafrost were used. Studies have confirmed the high sensitivity
of permafrost regions to changes in temperature and precipitation. Climate change scenarios indicate intense warming
and rapid melting of permafrost, which leads to soil degradation, changes in the hydrological regime, greenhouse gas
emissions and destruction of infrastructure. Continuous geocryological monitoring is necessary to ensure reliable
operation of railways in permafrost areas. The creation of engineering geocryological monitoring systems, including
regular monitoring, analysis, assessment and forecasting of changes in permafrost conditions, will allow timely detection
and prevention of undesirable geocryological processes, ensuring stable and safe operation of the railway track.